A Comparative Analysis of American and Kenyan Cultures

Sex and Marriage, Money and Success: A Comparative Analysis of American and Kenyan Cultures In the history of human societies, geographic differences are considered to be a factor that led to different lifestyles, values and beliefs that prevailed and have been the distinct characteristic of specific societies in the world today. From a broader viewpoint, it can be said that Asian cultures differ from North American, European, South American, and African cultures. However, it can also be said that there are similarities between North American, European, and African cultures, in the same way that Asian, South American, and again, African cultures share specific values and beliefs. These similarities and differences demonstrate that we are different from each other in so many ways, but we also have similarities that link each individual with another, and ultimately, that we are interdependent with each other. This paper discusses in detail the differences between two cultures that seem to have different histories and heritage, but are, in specific ways, similar to each other as well. These cultures are the American and Kenyan cultures, and their point of comparison and contrast would be on the issues of money and success and sex and marriage. The discussion that follows posits that American values about sex are more liberal because of they are more freely expressed than in Kenyan culture; however, Kenyan views on marriage are considered more liberal in that they subsist toShow MoreRelatedInfluence of Culture on Strategic Human Resource6353 Words   |  26 PagesPage 1 Influence of Culture on Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) Practices in Multinational Companies (MNC) in Kenya: A Critical Literature Review Presented By PROFESSOR PETER K’OBONYO BEATRICE DIMBA (PhD Candidate: Strathmore University, Kenya) Contacts: Professor Peter K’Obonyo Deputy Principal University of Nairobi, Kenya College of Humanities and Social Sciences P O Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya Beatrice Dimba Ole Sangale Road, P O Box 59857 00200 Nairobi, Kenya Tel: (254-020)Read MoreSouth Constituency, Turkana County, Kenya2166 Words   |  9 Pageseducation programs in Turkana North District. The study will be guided by the following research question: What factors influence women’s participation in ABE programs in Turkana North Constituency? Significance of the Study This study will support the Kenyan Education Sector and other stakeholders to better understand the problems related to non-participation of women adult learners in Turkana County. Moreover, the Directorate of Kenya Adult Education, under which ABE programs fall, will be better placedRead MoreWays to Prevent Genocide2798 Words   |  11 Pagesa national and state entity. The illegal US attack of Iraq was and is a humanitarian upheaval. Some try to explain this upheaval as a side-effect. They justify their idea on the absenteeism of intent. Reviewing valid principles of global law and American procedure towards Iraq, it has been proven that the humanitarian disaster present in Iraq is an indispensable component of US policy, constituting calculated genocide against the citizens of Iraq. The purpose that some propose is absent is openlyRead MoreReview of Conrad Kottaks Anthropology: The Exploration of Human Diversity2863 Words   |  11 Pagesacademics who review the text and provide the author with substantive feedback. Though the book betrays its own biases and views (the author is a cultural anthropologist from the American Midwest), Professor Kottak is careful to outline the field of anthropology in as broadly useful and neutral manner as possible for American students. The book is truly global in its context, and it is careful to avoid any of anthropologys past failings relating to Eurocentric bias by including all countries withinRead MoreMarket segmentation of the Nike company 3635 Words   |  15 Pagesthat people who are similar in income, culture, and perspectives naturally gravitate toward one another. Once these people move to their neighborhoods, they become even more alike and share similar consumer behaviors. When a store asks for your zip code when you make a purchase, it’s using geodemographics as a segmentation technique. Furthermore, the characteristic if the consumer is depends on their income. For example, the Nike Shoes has been done an analysis the respondent of buying for the NikeRead MoreKenyan Tourism Industry11160 Words   |  45 Pagesand suggest ways to improve Ecotourism in Kenya. What are the main challenges of Ecotourism? What are the feasible benefits that can ecotourism bring? Lastly is Ecotourism in Kenya sustainable? The paper also attempts to discuss the Kenya’s SWOT analysis as an Ecotourism destination, the protected areas including national parks and reserves, and some of the organisations promoting ecotourism in Kenya. To further explain this, the paper has used an Eco rating of lodges in Kenya by Ecotourism KenyaRead MoreImpact of Hrm7495 Words   |  30 Pagessupplanting the primacy of the nation state with transnational corporations and organizations, and eroding local cultures and traditions through a global culture (Kellner, 1989). Hazel Gachoka Gachunga is a lecturer in human resource management in the School of Human Resource Development at Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology. 1 36 The emergent global economy and culture can be described as a ‘network society’ which is grounded in new communications and information technologyRead MoreStudent7526 Words   |  31 Pagessupplanting the primacy of the nation state with transnational corporations and organizations, and eroding local cultures and traditions through a global culture (Kellner, 1989). Hazel Gachoka Gachunga is a lecturer in human resource management in the School of Human Resource Development at Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology. 1 36 The emergent global economy and culture can be described as a ‘network society’ which is grounded in new communications and information technologyRead MoreColonial Rule Of Independence And Independence10047 Words   |  41 Pagesbranches of government charged with making public policy. Capturing the role of the U.S. Supreme Court, Dahl (1957) states: To consider the Supreme Court of the United States strictly as a legal institution is to underestimate its significance in the American political system. For it is a political institution . . . . for arriving at decisions on controversial questions of national policy (p. 279). As heirs to the British common law legal tradition, courts in other former colonies have a comparable roleRead MoreErp Implementation in Oil Industry8113 Words   |  33 Pagesfirm may have changed [11]. Nicolaou [20] reports that ERP implementation success often results from a number of factors, such as user participation and involvement in software development, the assessment of business needs, the processes during the analysis phase of the project and the level of data integration designed into the systems. ERP changes these processes, from designing a custom system to accommodate the existing business processes of a firm to selecting a business application system that

Gender Inequality In The Police - 1751 Words

Gender is assumed to be associated with our private parts, whether you’re a man or a woman is determined by your biological part at birth. However, this is not the case, gender is a fundamental social institution because it is reflected in everything we do. Our gender is determined by the way we interact in social settings. The roles you play in life and the way you interact with people shows your gender. This is known as accountability, you need to have the characteristics of the group you associate with. In this paper, I will be looking at gender inequality in the police. I will touch on the existing gender stereotypes that have led to the existing inequality in policing, how these stereotypes have led to the term ‘doing gender’ and how†¦show more content†¦This stereotype of female officers has been around for a long time and it builds upon a cultural tradition that women are inferior. (REF.) women in policing are seen as not conforming with their gend er, that is, they’re ‘doing gender’. â€Å"Doing gender refers to the idea of gender not being a trait or quality of an individual, but rather the product of daily social practices and behaviors that emphasize femininity and masculinity†. (REF.) So, behaving or thinking in a way that is feminine if you are female and masculine if you are male. â€Å"By focusing on the construction of gender, this approach makes visible how women ‘might be inadvertently participating in [their] own silencing in interactions with men’ (Smith, 2009: 76) and provides a way of thinking about how gendered nature of institutions can be changed—through agency and interaction†. There is one major critic to this approach though, it is given the term ‘doing difference’. Doing gender as we have discussed means embracing gender identities, so men and women can choose to embrace whichever gender they wish to associate with but according to Messers chmitt in his reply to Miller, he says people cannot embrace identities of the opposite sex they can only behave in ways that are associated with the opposite sex. For example, gang girls, these girls can be seen as embracing masculine traits but Messerschmitt refers to them as bad girls andShow MoreRelatedGender Inequality Of The Workplace1255 Words   |  6 Pages Fact or Fiction: Gender Inequality in the Workplace Will respect resolve the gender inequality issue in the workplace? While there s always going to be a person who craves more money because greed is a major factor in why respect is in decline in the workplace. Gender inequality is prevalent in the workplace, but we can bridge the gap if more people had respect for their counterparts. Enforcing this amongst employees will cut down on discrimination lawsuit cases and these companies can growRead MoreCrime and Social Inequality1194 Words   |  5 Pages Crime and criminalization are dependent on social inequality Social inequality there are four major forms of inequality, class gender race and age, all of which influence crime. In looking at social classes and relationship to crime, studies have shown that citizens of the lower class are more likely to commit crimes of property and violence than upper-class citizens: who generally commit political and economic crimes. In 2007 the National Crime Victimization Survey showed that familie s with anRead MoreGender Inequality For Women Working1209 Words   |  5 Pages Women Inequality: Gender Inequality for Women Working in the US Labor Force. By Karla Hernandez English II Mrs. Desai 6 May 2016 Karla Hernandez Mrs. Desai English II 6 May 2016 Women Inequality: The Gender Inequality for Women Working in the US Labor Force. According to the International Trade Union Confederation ever since 1979 the equality gap in pay had gone up, in 2010 women now earned 81% of what male employees earned. That later changed the wage gap opened, woman pay dropped byRead MoreSocialization And Social Control Of Adolescents1130 Words   |  5 PagesClass, race, and gender play a significant role in organizing society as a whole, and they are all forms of stratification that promote group inequalities in society due to an unequal distribution of social resources and opportunities. These groups are socially defined and treated differently and unequally in the larger society. Now, our goal is to analyze these groups based on their manifestation in socialization and social control of adolescents. First, we will define socialization and socialRead MoreGender Inequality : A Man Who Works Full Time1630 Words   |  7 PagesGender inequality is something that has been affecting our world for a very long time. You can see it all throughout history. From women entering the workforce for the first time, to women protesting on the street, fighting for the right to vote. The concept people don t understand is that this is still affecting our world today. Did you know that a man who works full time earns a median of $889 a week? Do you know how much a woman makes? A woman who works full-time earns a median of $721 a weekRead MoreInequalities Has Been Around For Many Years; From Slaves,1018 Words   |  5 PagesInequalities has been around for many years; from slaves, to the inequalities of women. Throughout the decades, women have been fighting the injustices they face in the workplace, household, and other places. The feminist movement was able to transform the role of the traditional woman. Woman were just thought as stay at home mom, who would just take care of their kids, cook, and clean. Once the feminist movement started to gain momentum and cause woman to believe they could be a mother and alsoRead MoreGender And Sexuality : The Girl With The Dragon Tattoo854 Words   |  4 PagesGender and sexuality, words that can put many different pictures in our head. One of the most common pictures we all develop is probably the sexual activity done by two opposite genders. These words do not always mean how they sound. Gender plays a big role in today’s society where men are thought to be more powerful than women physically, mentally, and emotionally. Sexuality in other words, can be described differently by many different people, where many consider it as big part of every adult’sRead MoreGender And Class Effect On Society976 Wo rds   |  4 PagesThroughout my life, I have learned many things when it comes to gender and class. When I was young, my mother and my stepfather owned their own fencing company and brought in good money for my stepbrother and I. Things felt easy, we had a roof over our head, and the fridge always had food in it. Little did I know that during that time, the economy was not at its best and it was quickly getting worse as the days rolled on. People lost their homes and their businesses went from being good moneymakersRead MoreWar And Peace, By Nancy Scheper Hughes And Philippe846 Words   |  4 Pagesexpressions and repressions of violence are sometimes so deeply embedded in broader socio-cultural structures that they go unrecognized. According to Scheper-Hughes and Bourgois, these misrecognized and often invisible forms of violence-- racism, inequality and exclusion--are often not â€Å"disapproved of† nor seen as â€Å"deviant† behavior but, are â€Å"generally app lauded conventional social, economic and political norms† (5). From these larger social, cultural, and political systems, violence derives its powerRead MoreWe Can Not Deny Society s Progression Of Social Equality Essay1187 Words   |  5 PagesWe cannot deny society’s progression of social equality, however, it is imperative that we not only understand the inequalities that are presently riddled in our social framework, but also understand how inequalities effect people at both micro and macro levels and how they intersect. Acquiring some base knowledge of institutionalized inequalities is fundamental to any attempts in rectifying (or easing) social injustices. Using Patricia Hill Collins’ Intersectionality theory, along with Omi and Winants’

Advertising Campaign - Free Sample Solution

Questions: 1. Define the objectives of your advertising campaign.2.Outline how you will prepare the advertising budget.3.Explain How you will Develop a Schedule.4.Create two different advertisements for the new product. Evaluate your two advertisements. Which one suits your needs better? Why? Answers: 1. Specific In the framework of the existing study, Ahn and Lim (2012) asserted that the management of Bubs operating in the Australian market needs to conduct a lucrative design of the campaign that can lead the brand to attain its goal of the time-specific period. The management of the enterprise is planning to increase its revenue margin by 5% over the next eight months. Through the advertising campaign, Bubs is planning to tap on the majority of the parents expected mothers. According to James (2006), mothers that have been already purchasing the infant baby products have already generated loyalty towards the products of the existing enterprise. Hence, the Bubs is planning to tap on the pregnant women and generate a fresh base of the customers. Within the tenure of next five months, the brand is planning to expand its product reach amongst within the retailer shops to attain its depicted target. Measurable In the opinion of Kng (2008), an inference can be drawn that the objectives for the campaign require being measurable by the pre-agreed upon the standards. Therefore, the marketing unit of the specific organisation is planning to enhance the reach of its new products with a speculated time period. Within the tenure of the next eight months, the brand is planning to increase 5% of its revenue margin. Therefore, the expected margin can be attainable only when the distributors and the number of the wholesalers would be increased. Achievable The brand has taken several marketing initiatives to spread the product awareness amongst the women that are expecting babies within the next eight months. In the circumstance of the current subject, Nuttall et al. (2016) asserted that the design of the overall campaign requires being loud and catchy to grab the attention of the primary target customers. Since, the brand is planning to expand its distributors and the also formulating the strategies of penetrating into the territories that are already captured by the competitors. Thus, prior launching the product, the brand needs to create a buzz in the market, which would increase the excitement amongst the target customers. Masters et al. (2015) specified that before the conduction of the advertising campaign, the Bubs require initiating a test marketing approach before the target audience. Based on the feedbacks of the target audience Bubs can plan on the advertisement campaign of Yum Hum. Realistic Bubs is a well-established brand in the Australian market. As per the statement of Ellis (2010), the enterprise has already developed its loyal base of audience, which signifies the fact that the resource strength of the enterprise is comparatively stronger. Therefore, the brand has already managed to distribute its older products both the online and offline marketing channels. The success margin of its previous products has already provided a thorough knowledge of the brand regarding the methods that can easily push the new product in the market and help the enterprise to increase its revenue margin by 5% within the tenure of the next eight months. Time Bound The marketing measures like the traditional advertising platforms, PR (Public Relationship) portfolio, radio jingle, logo design and endorsement of the child specialist would be sufficient for the products to attain a success within the speculated time frame. Ferrell and Hartline (2010) determined that the brand is planning to increase its revenue margin by 5% over the period of next eight months, through the support of the new baby food products. The majority of the marketing actions are conducted under the ATL (Above The Line) platforms. Therefore, the chances of attaining the revenue margin with the speculated time frame. 2. Firstly, the design of the brand logo would be done. In the similar context, Kishore Kumar and Anand (2013) mentioned that the logo design is an essential part of the brand. It is highly significant for of the brands to design the logo that helps make a brand recall over the target customers. Therefore, the logo design tends to enact as the significance aspects in serving the above purpose. In the Australian market, a fresh logo design costs between the ranges of AU$ 600 to 1000 (Stokes et al. 2011). The design of the logo within the range of AU$ 600 is highly simple and generic. However, Bubs is planning to leave a significant impact in the Australian market with the new Yum Hum product. Therefore, formulating the logo with a premium theme and with the standardised colour combination aspects might cost the brand with the total budget of AU$ 900. Secondly, a considerable figure would be invested in the radio jingle (Ridout, 2009). For the specific purpose, the brand requires investing a total budget of AU$ 6000. In the initial period, the jingle requires being created by the jingle producers. Moreover, an audio message needs to be recorder by a voice modulator. For the above purpose, the brand requires investing a total amount of AU$ 3000 (Fraze et al. 2007). The management has planned to ring the jingle on two popular radio stations for two consecutive weeks, and later the frequency of the ad would be reduced and continued for the tenure of 2 months. For the above effort, Bubs require investing a figure of AU$ 3000. Therefore, the total budget for the radio jingle would be AU$ 6,000. Thirdly, the PR measures can be taken to market the campaign through the digital platforms. Moreover, the conduction of the campaign is planned to be done through the ATL channels. In the framework of the specific subject, Shim et al. (2011) asserted that the PR content would be developed in different channels like the traditional marketing channels and the online platforms. Therefore, for the particular action, the total investment would round up to the figure of AU$ 3,000. The professional content design can create a buzz amongst the target customers. Furthermore, besides the physicians prescription, the mothers also get inclined towards the verbal communication of the other prospects (Shah and DSouza, 2008). Therefore, a professional content development in the majority of the marketing platforms can push the new products into the viral promotion. Finally, the marketing manager of Bubs has planned to initiate a physician endorsement. Since, the mothers present a typical attitude towards the food products of the children; therefore, the involvement of the child specialist into the ad campaign would be highly beneficial. In the Australian market, the physician endorsement cost between the average range of AU$ 10,000 to 50,000. Therefore, the marketing unit has planned to involve the physician only for 10 seconds in the commercialised ad. For the specific involvement, Bubs would invest a budget of AU$ 35,000. Hence, the total budget for the advertisement campaign would be AU$ 44, 900 Campaign components Budget Logo design AU$ 900 Radio jingle AU$ 6,000 PR (Public Relationship) portfolio AU$ 3,000 Endorsement AU $35, 000 Total budget AU$44, 900 Table 1: Advertising budget (Source: Self-developed) 3. Commercial advertisements: The mothers that have infants stay back home for the first six months. According to Struthers and Wang (2016), the mothersbasically prefers to spend the leisure time by watching the daily soaps. Therefore, it would be a wise effort to display the ad in the commercialised channels. The ads would be placed for the 20 seconds in the channels. The ads would be displayed in the afternoon and the evening viewing hours. In the afternoon time, the mothers have the tendency of watching television for maximum two consecutive hours. Thus, the timing would be from 1 pm 3 pm. The evening time the t6arget audience prefer spending the maximum time in the commercialised channels, thus, at least the ad would be displayed for 4 hours. The display time would be between 7 pm 11 pm. Radio jingle: The radio jingle is designed specifically for both the mothers and fathers. The mothers' tuning time into the radio is highly freckle (Ferrell and Hartline, 2010). Therefore, it would be a complex action for the marketing unit of Bubs to place the jingle by figuring out the time when the mothers turn on the radio stations. According to Fraze et al. (2007), the Nova 919 and Hot Country FM 89.3 are the best-rated radio stations in Australia. Therefore, the marketing manager of the specific brand has planned to promote the jingle in the particular stations. Since figuring out the radio turning times of the mothers is difficult. Therefore, Bubs would be targeting on the fathers. The jingle would be tuned during the evening time when the business people return the home. The survey conducted by the previous researchers reflects that the majority of the business class prefer to listen to the radio stations while returning from office. Therefore, the jingle would be a 30 second s composition, which would be tuned between 7 pm 9 pm. Digital platforms: The PR content would be developed after every two weeks intervals. The social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter would be the primary choice for the display of the ad campaign. The traffic of Facebook is greater than Twitter, therefore, initially the ad in the specific platform would be displayed after two consecutive days. After which the tenure would increase to 4 days and then twice in a week. In the Twitter, the marketing unit would be persistent in twitting the ad for once in a week. Moreover, the e-commerce sites that already make the B2C (Business to Customer) transaction would be approached by the brand to display the pop-up ads. 4. The advertisements are designed influentially to attract the target groups. As per the opinion of Postellon (2008), it is crucial to make a campaign more compelling, for which a proper identification of the target group is necessary. This step helps any organisation to achieve a systematic approach of penetration. There is a need to inform the target groups about the product. So a tricky advertisement has to be prepared to influence the audiences (Masters et al. 2015). To create an impact on the company two themes of advertisement are made. The first publication includes a female model who is promoting the product, where the uses are mentioned so that the utility can be inferred. In the second case, the advertisement shows that a mother is visiting a doctor's clinic to get information about a suitable food product for the baby. The doctor suggests the mother to use the Yum Hum regularly, which helps the baby to grow healthily. The contact numbers would also be included for a furth er gathering of information. After a careful evaluation of the two advertisements, it is inferred that the second one is much better than the first one. The reason behind this rationale is that in the second case, the mother is visiting a doctor's place which shows a systematic and clinical approach. The audiences would easily get fascinated by the suggestive nature of the advertisement by the physician. The parents found the product more authentic and safe for the kids. Modernisation has made the audiences smarter, enough to make a sharp judgement about the product as soon as the add comes into view. So conservative measures have to be undertaken so as to push the audiences to make an instant buying decision. According to the opinion of Zhang and Gao (2009), nowadays the focus is more concentrated on the value and quality, which is empowered by the doctor's statement in this case. Market penetration is viable with an advertisement, which would have a positive, informative and reasoned impact on the target audie nces (Shah and Dsouza, 2008). Furthermore, the campaign also includes a clear call-to-action i.e. "call us facility". Including a doctor in promotional activity attaches the relevancy, which is associated with an authority aspect. In addition to this, the reports are also evident that 61% of people would prefer to choose baby products that include doctors in the ad campaign. The discussions, which took place between the physician and the mother in the advertisement puts an emotional impact on the audiences. Additionally, the add also relates the target groups to the real circumstances that somehow fabricate a sense of relief to the parents. Reference: Ahn, S. and Lim, Y. (2012) Design of commercial ads dissemination system in vehicular environments, IETE Technical Review, 29(3), p. 248. Ellis, N. (2010)Business-to-business marketing: Relationships, networks and strategies. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Ferrell, O.C. and Hartline, M.D. (2010)Marketing management strategies. 5th edn. Boston, MA, United States: South-Western, Cengage Learning. Fraze, J.L., Rivera-Trudeau, M. and McElroy, L. (2007) Applying behavioral theories to a social marketing campaign,Social Marketing Quarterly, 13(1), pp. 214. James, T. (2006) Baby steps to a profitable [baby feeding products], Manufacturing Engineer, 85(4), pp. 1419. Kishore Kumar, P. and Anand, B. (2013) Green marketing: Theory, practice, and strategies,Indian Journal of Marketing, 43(1), p. 54. Kng, L. (2008) The Internet and the mass media. Edited by Lucy Kung, Robert G. Picard, and Ruth Towse. Los Angeles: Sage Publications. Masters, K., Gibbs, T. and Sandars, J. (2015) How to make an effective e-poster, MedEdPublish, . Nuttall, A., Kochenderfer, M. and Close, S. (2016) Detection of hypervelocity impact radio-frequency pulses through prior constrained source separation, Radio Science, . Postellon, D.C. (2008) Baby care products, PEDIATRICS, 121(6), pp. 12921292. Ridout, T.N. (2009) Campaign Microtargeting and the relevance of the televised political ad, The Forum, 7(2). Shah, K. and DSouza, A. (2008) Advertisement and promotions an IMC perspective 1st edition. New Delhi: India Higher Education. Shim, J.K., Siegel, J.G. and Shim, A.I. (2011) Budgeting basics and beyond (Wiley corporate FA). 4th edn. United States: Wiley, John Sons. Stokes, R., Quirk, the M. of, Blake, S. and Education, Q. (2011)Emarketing: The essential guide to digital marketing (4th edition). 4th edn. South Africa: Quirk eMarketing. Struthers, A. and Wang, M. (2016) Buzz agents in a teen-driven social marketing campaign: Positive campaign attitude leads to positive changes in health outcomes,Social Marketing Quarterly, 22(3), pp. 218235. Zhang, X. and Gao, X. (2009) An analysis of conceptual metaphor in western commercial advertisements, Asian Social Science, 5(12).

Yevtushenkos Babi Yar Essays (931 words) - The Holocaust In Ukraine

Yevtushenko's Babi Yar Babi Yar, a poem written by Yevgeny Yevtushenko, tells the story of the Nazi invasion into a small part of Russia, in which, throughout the duration of World War II, over one-hundred thousand Jews, Gypsies and Russian POW's were brutally murdered. However, what is unique about this particular perspective is that the narrator is not a Jew, but a mere observer who is aghast at the atrocities that took place during the Holocaust. It is through allusions, as well as other literary devices, that Yevtushenko elucidates caustically the absurdities of the hatred that caused the Holocaust, in addition to the narrator's identification with the Jews and their history of oppression. Perhaps, the most effective literary device used in "Babi Yar" is the allusion. The first clear allusion seen in the poem is the one concerning Egypt(line 6). This reference harks back to the Jews' enslavement in Egypt before they become a nation. In line 7, the narrator makes reference to how so many Jews perished on the cross. The reason for these initial allusions in the first section is clear. Yevtushenko is establishing the history of the Jewish people, being one of oppression, prejudice, and innocent victims. The next illusion in the poem is a reference to the Dreyfus Affair, a more modern display of irrational and avid anti-Semitism. It is in the Dreyfus affair that an innocent man is accused of espionage and is sent to jail for more than ten years, notwithstanding an overwhelming amount of evidence pointing to his innocence, simply because he is a Jew. Yevtushenko uses these allusions to lead up to his referral to a boy in Bielostok who is murdered by the Russian common-folk. Clearly, The narrator is teaching a lesson with a dual message. Firstly, he is informing the reader of the horrors that took place in Russia during the Holocaust. Perhaps even more of a travesty, however, is the fact that humankind has not learned from the past in light of the fact that this "episode" is merely one link in a long chain of terrors. Yevtushenko goes on to allude to Anne Frank, a young Jewish teenager who left behind a diary of her thoughts and dreams, and how the Nazis strip her of any potential future she has when she is murdered in the death camps. Clearly, the allusion creates images in the mind of the reader that mere descriptions via the use of words could not. Another effective literary device used in the poem is the first person narrative in which the narrator identifies with those victims which he describes. This is seen in the case where the narrator says "I am Dreyfus", or "Anne Frank, I am she." The narrator does not claim to understand what the feelings and thoughts of these people are, but rather, he is acknowledging the fact that they are feeling, "detested and denounced" and that unlike the rest of the world who turned its head, or the Russians who actually abetted such heinous crimes, this gentile narrator can not empathize, but does sympathize with his Jewish "brethren." Another extremely powerful device used by Yevtushenko is the detail of description and imagery used to describe events and feelings that are in both those whom he identifies with, as well as himself. "I bear the red mark of nails"(line 8) seems to include much of the suffering that the Jews have to endure. The statement is almost one of a reverse crucifixion in which the Jews are crucified and now have to suffer with false accusations, blood libels, and Pogroms for the duration of time. The poet describes very clearly the contempt most people have for the Jewish people and how many of these people aided in the barbarity . In line 13, for example, the poet speaks of "shrieking ladies in fine ruffled gowns" who "brandish their umbrellas in my face." In addition, Yevtushenko also depicts explicitly how the "tavern masters celebrate" at the sight of "(a Jewish boy's)blood spurt and spread over the floor." The contrast of age in "Babi Yar" is also quite effective. In the last three sections, the reader finds out that the narrator is remembering the past, mourning those who have perished.